So Many Books, So Little Time- Part 2

ICD-9-CM Has Procedure Codes?

In part two of my blog series about coding systems, I'd like to present ICD-9-CM, Volume 3. If you've taken classes that are preparing you to take the CPC exam, it might be news to you that ICD-9-CM has three volumes. Or procedure codes. So that's it: volume 3 of ICD-9-CM is procedure codes. 

Hospitals Use It

In part one of this series, I mentioned that HIPAA defines which code sets are used for each health care setting. Volume 3 ICD-9-CM codes are only mandated for hospital inpatient claims. They are a major factor in the determining DRG assignments, which drive hospital inpatient payments. 

Some hospitals also assign ICD-9-CM volume 3 codes for hospital outpatients as well. This is solely for data collection purposes but the codes get "scrubbed" off the outpatient bill and don't go to the insurance company. ICD-9-CM codes may be used to analyze volume of a particular type of procedure performed either as inpatient or outpatient. For example, most appendectomies are performed as outpatients, but if there are complications, a patient may need to be admitted as an inpatient. Hospitals often pull procedure volume for physician credentialing or planning purposes (e.g., to determine if a new specialty unit or more operating rooms are needed).  As a coding manager, which was a long time ago, I wrote reports that pulled data based solely on ICD-9 codes. We didn't use CPT codes to pull data at all at that time. 

Why You May Have Never Heard of It

If you've never heard of volume 3 codes in school, then it's likely that you are taking a coding course for physician coding and billing. Physicians don't use volume 3 of ICD-9. But as mentioned above, hospital coders are using it and if a hospital requires its coders to assign ICD-9 codes on outpatients, they are coding procedures using both ICD-9 and CPT procedure codes. That isn't as complex as it sounds because most hospitals use encoder software that has a crosswalk between the two code sets. Unfortunately, any time you try to map from one code set to another, there can be errors. If they were easily translatable, we wouldn't need two code sets!

Here's another critical tip: if you are buying ICD-9-CM code books, it can be super confusing because there are various publishers and lots of code books with different-yet-similar titles.  If you purchase an ICD-9-CM code book for physicians, it will have only volumes 1 and 2.  If you buy ICD-9-CM for hospitals, you get all three volumes, or the complete ICD-9-CM code set.

What the Codes Look Like

The code format of volume 3 ICD-9-CM codes is different from other code sets with two numeric digits followed by a decimal point and then one or two more numeric digits. The code category ranges are 00-99. It's the most straightforward of all of the HIPAA code sets. 

Some examples of volume 3 codes are:

• 47.0, Appendectomy
• 36.97, Insertion of drug-eluting coronary artery stent(s)

Commentary on ICD-9 Volume 3 and Argument for ICD-10

If you weren't trained on ICD-9-CM procedure codes, let me tell you, you aren't missing much. It is the least robust of all of the coding systems. There just simply aren't enough three to four-digit codes to keep up with rapidly evolving healthcare technology. We have run out of available codes. This is my biggest argument for ICD-10 implementation. I hate to say that we can live without a diagnosis code update, but in comparison to procedures, the need isn't as great. We absolutely need a new procedural coding system for ICD in order to keep up with emerging technologies. Plus - and this drives the OCD coder in me crazy - there are hernia repair codes in the eye procedure chapter because it's the only chapter with available codes!  

If you were trained in CPT first and have to learn ICD-9 volume 3 codes, you may find it very difficult, but only because you are trying to find codes as specific as CPT. You will be disappointed because ICD-9 codes aren't that specific. While there are appendectomy codes in CPT for open and laparoscopic approaches, ICD-9 appendectomy codes don't differentiate between open and scope procedures. 

Who Needs to Learn it?

If you're planning to take a certification exam, here are the certifications that have traditionally tested on volume 3 ICD-9-CM codes, but keep an eye on test details for the testing switch over to ICD-10:

• CCA (Certified Coding Associate) from AHIMA
• CCS (Certified Coding Specialist) from AHIMA
• CIC (Certified Inpatient Coder) from AAPC (new)

The COC (Certified Outpatient Coder), formerly called the CPC-H (Certified Professional Coder Hospital-based) does not focus at all on ICD-9 volume 3 codes. It does focus on hospital-related CPT codes and, of course ICD-9 diagnosis codes because we all use that. 

The bottom line on volume 3 codes, in my opinion, is that it is a coding system with a limited shelf life that isn't worth learning at this point in the game if we really move forward with ICD-10-CM/PCS in October (or unless you are planning to take one of the above-mentioned certification exams before ICD-10 is implemented).  There are enough existing coders to focus on the ICD-9 back work that will be involved after ICD-10 implementation and since this code set is only required for hospitals, it affects a pretty small population of coders overall.  But hey, at least you now know what it is and can have an intelligent conversation about it. 

Next up: Level I of HCPCS (AKA CPT)...

So Many Books, So Little Time - Part 1

What's Your Idea of a Best Seller?
Every once in a while I page through a magazine taking keen interest in the best seller and "must read" book lists that everyone is talking about.  I usually tear out the pages for books that are interesting so I can download them later.  And then I rarely read them.  Or it takes me literally months to finish a book.  I love to read, but frankly, after a day of reading code books, and spending a lot of time writing, I just don't have the eye or mental energy to crack a book for fun.

My idea of a best seller is a string of code books that I use every day.  Don't worry though, I find other ways to have fun that have nothing to do with coding!

The last time I moved, I had lots of friends helping me lug boxes and it didn't take long for them to zone in on the heaviest ones: they were labeled "code books."  I have code books for various coding systems going back several years and yes, they are heavy.  And it's hard to explain to the layman why I need so many books in such an electronic age.  I've found it can also be challenging to explain the different code sets to novice coders.  But alas, I am going to give it a try in a series of blog posts because you may not be exposed to all coding systems in coding school, but depending on the setting you work in, you may find you have to become familiar with something new.

I Don't Hate Encoders
Let's get one thing out of the way first, though.  I have no issues with computers or encoders.  In fact, I use a computer for almost everything and, like so many people, I am pretty addicted to my iPhone and iPad.  But as a coding trainer, I learned by the book and I teach by the book and will always default to the book when I have a question.  Encoders are only useful when the user understands the logic behind the program and that logic is based on the book.

ICD is from Mars, HCPCS is from Venus
In healthcare, we deal with two major planets of coding systems: the International Classification of Diseases (ICD) and the Health Care Common Procedure Coding System (HCPCS).  And as if that wasn't enough, those coding systems are divided into further classifications with different uses. Coding for a physician practice?  Then you'd better brush up on different parts of the coding spectrum than what you'd see in a hospital. Coding outpatient services for a hospital? Then you need to know something different than what you would need to know if you were coding hospital inpatient services.  Want to know how to code everything?  Then it's time to become familiar with your new best seller list.  This post will start with the basic coding system that everyone uses.

ICD-9-CM Volumes 1 and 2: Everyone Does it 

You probably aren't surprised to hear that the government determines which codes we use in the U.S.  But you may be surprised to hear that the law that defines those coding systems is a little law called HIPAA. Yes, the same law that addresses privacy and security of medical information also tells us which codes we must use to report healthcare services.  This is why some code books boldly state on the cover that they support HIPAA compliance.  In order to make health information portable and comparable,the Healthcare Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA) makes sure we're all speaking a common language, expressed in codes, before we exchange data electronically. The privacy and security provisions are simply byproducts of making sure health care data can be shared electronically. 

Every health care case, regardless of provider and setting, has one code set in common: ICD diagnosis codes. This coding system was developed by who?  That's right - it was developed by WHO: the World Health Organization. Here in the U.S. we currently use an adaptation of WHO's ICD, which is currently the ninth version. We call the U.S. version a clinical modification. And thus, we have ICD-9-CM: the International Classification of Diseases, 9th Revision, Clinical Modification.

ICD-9-CM has three volumes. The first two volumes include the diagnosis codes.  This includes the tabular (Volume 1) and index (Volume 2). I'll address volume 3 in part 2 of this series. Bottom line here: every HIPAA-covered entity, which includes hospitals and physicians (and excludes workers' compensation and car insurers) utilizes ICD-9-CM codes to report diagnoses on a claim.

ICD-9-CM codes have 3-5 digits with a decimal point after the first three digits. All codes are numeric except for V codes, which start with a V and then have two numeric digits and may have up to two more digits after the decimal point; and E codes, which start with an E and have three numeric digits and may have an additional digit after a decimal point. E and V codes are actually "supplementary" codes that are not included in the main part of the ICD-9-CM volumes 1 and 2 code set.

Here are some examples of ICD-9-CM codes:

• 486, Pneumonia, organism unspecified
• 401.9, Essential hypertension, unspecified
• 250.00, Diabetes mellitus without mention of complication, Type II or unspecified type, not stated as uncontrolled

Examples of supplementary codes:

• V08, Asymptomatic HIV infection status
• V27.0, Outcome of delivery, single liveborn
• V76.51, Screening for malignant neoplasm of colon
• E961, Assault by corrosive or caustic substance, except poisoning
• E885.3, Fall from skis

Regardless of who you plan to code for, you will be using ICD-9-CM diagnosis codes for billing.  As such, this is likely the first coding system you learn.  

Frozen

You may notice in my picture that my most recent ICD-9-CM code book is from 2012.  That's because that was the last year that we had updates to the coding system.  ICD-9-CM is under a permanent code freeze as we optimistically await ICD-10 implementation.  Don't worry, I will address ICD-10 in future posts.  For now, you are safe using an ICD-9-CM code book from 2012 or newer, but I wouldn't waste money on a new book if (heaven forbid), ICD-10-CM is not implemented this year.  ICD-9-CM remains forever frozen and is no longer being maintained.  If you want to bone up on ICD-9-CM coding guidelines, they are printed in the front of your code book.  Or you can do what I do and download the PDF document so you can easily search the document for something specific.  Here is a link to the last version of the ICD-9-CM Official Guidelines for Coding and Reporting.  

Next up: ICD-9-CM Volume 3...

I don't want to live in a world where Ebola is sold out at the Giant Microbe store - and there's no code for it

There is a super cute little toy shop in Coeur d'Alene, ID called Shenanigan's Toy Emporium that sells vintage toys and other unique items.  When traveling there on business, we usually make a stop in to shop from their wall of amazing salt water taffy and check out their selection of toys that don't come with a power button.  You know, the kind of toys we had prior to the Atari and Game Boy era!

Shenanigan's also has a great display of giant microbes - small plush renderings of everything from the common cold to diarrhea.  I am still marveling at how they could create a plush toy out of liquid stool!  I'm sure it's just the geeky coder in me (and my colleagues), but we decided to buy a few and put them out during our training sessions along with our baskets of Play Dough, pipe cleaners, and candy (we like to have FUN in our training sessions!).  Needless to say, they were a big hit with our clients and we noticed on one of the tags that there was a website where we could order more.  By now your interest is surely piqued, so be sure to check out the online Giant Microbes store.

You're probably thinking what I'm thinking right about now, which is, wouldn't these giant microbes make great white elephant gifts for Christmas?  My thoughts immediately went to what would be appropriate for my family's white elephant gift exchange.  Don't worry, my family has a great sense of humor - there's still a copy of Pamela Anderson's novel (yes, she wrote one) complete with the "naughty" pages clipped together courtesy of my grandmother who was sheltering her daughter from the filthy parts.  And what better gift for someone in 2014 than the Ebola virus?  There's just one problem.

Sold out.

Apparently I am not the only person who thinks that Ebola would make a great Christmas gift.  It's a sign of recent headlines that this virus, which is actually kind of cute in plush form, is unavailable.  What's even more worrisome given that this was the year Ebola came to the US, is that we don't have an ICD-9-CM code to report it.  Here's the best we can do in ICD-9:

• 065.8, Other specified arthropod-borne hemorrhagic fever
• 078.89, Other specified diseases due to virus

What about ICD-10-CM?  How about this?

• A98.4, Ebola virus disease

YESSSSSS!  Way more specific!

In previous years as we've prepped for ICD-10 implementation, the opponents have given a laundry list of extensive and admittedly ridiculous (yet fun!) ICD-10 codes that begged the question, why do we really need this?  And this year, Ebola was delivered to our health system and we have nonspecific codes to report it.  But in ICD-10, we have a very specific code.  Hmm.  Perhaps this ICD-10 thing really could help with reporting and impact patient care.  Just a thought.

So Santa, if I can't have Ebola for Christmas this year, could I please have ICD-10 so that I can code it for those people who did get it?

Author's Note: I am not affiliated with Shenanigan's Toy Emporium or giantmicrobes.com in any way. I am just a really big fan!

I Love ICD-9-CM - What if I Don't Feel the Same Way About ICD-10?

I think there are a lot of students out there learning ICD-9-CM right now who are feeling a certain apprehension about the ICD-10 implementation. It's a tricky time to be educated in coding right now - you may decide you love ICD-9-CM only to have it ripped from your grip in 2013 and replaced by something that doesn't closely resemble your new found love. So maybe you've been reconsidering a field in coding.

Well, let's not overreact! First of all, let's look at what it is you like about coding, what will be changing, and then decide if it's time to overreact!

First of all, ICD-9-CM, Volumes 1 and 2 (the diagnosis codes) are being replaced by ICD-10-CM. And although there are some tricky areas and all of the code numbers are different, the overall feel and use of ICD-10-CM is not that dissimilar to what we're used to today. Yes, it will be more difficult to roll codes off the top of our heads like many of us can now with ICD-9-CM, but it will not be impossible (after a week coding in ICD-10, I found it was not difficult to memorize frequently used codes. The major changes? We have extensions now to indicate the episode of care for patients with injuries and we have codes for underdosing of medications - something that's completely foreign. And although in ICD-10 there are two types of excludes notes instead of one (not coded here vs. not coded in addition), that's a nice change that most coders are happy about.

ICD-10-PCS on the other hand, is very different from Volume 3 of ICD-9-CM, which includes procedures. In fact, ICD-10-PCS is very different from anything we've ever used for coding. The fact that there are no inclusion and exclusion notes - no tabular listing, in fact - only pages of tables, makes it seem daunting. This will be a huge impact, no doubt.

But should you worry about it? Remember - ICD-10-PCS has limited application. It is only required for billing on hospital inpatient claims. So if you work for a physician - or plan to - you will not have to learn ICD-10-PCS. If you code outpatients in a hospital, the jury is still out. Many hospitals still collect ICD-9-CM procedure codes for outpatients so they can use the data internally (remember - coding is about data collection too, not just billing). There is much discussion in the industry on the productivity impact of having coders code in both ICD-10-PCS and CPT for hospital outpatient services.

CPT is not at all affected by ICD-10 implementation. If you code for a physician, you will continue to use CPT to code and bill for his services and procedures.

Of course, if you find you have an affinity for ICD-10-PCS, perhaps this will help you determine your career path and you can look for opportunities to code in a hospital. Inpatient coding is usually a higher level coding position, so it may take time to get promoted up, but if you have the skill for ICD-10-PCS, it's my belief that you will be in demand. I think some current inpatient coders may decide they don't care for ICD-10-PCS at all and make some changes in their career paths.

It's HIPAA, not HIPPA

Just for the record, it's HIPAA, not HIPPA. The actual legislation is called the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), not the Health Information Patient Privacy Act (HIPPA). I can't tell you how many times I've seen the latter referred to. As a matter of fact, a colleague of mine once emailed a company after seeing HIPPA repeatedly displayed on their website. Once she educated them, they offered her a job!

Privacy and Security
It's true - when most of us think HIPAA, we think privacy of health information. And that's a huge part of it. We may even think, as coders, that we are only impacted by HIPAA when it comes to keeping the medical record information we read during the coding process confidential. But HIPAA is much bigger than keeping health information from falling into the wrong hands. The true intent of the law was the make sure people retained insurance coverage as they changed jobs. It includes several provisions for sharing data electronically and in order to enact this sharing of information, it was prudent that privacy and security provisions be built into the infrastructure of HIPAA.

As coders, we will likely be required to sign confidentiality agreements with employers. We will be subjected to criminal background checks and possibly credit checks. We will be forbidden from discussing that interesting ER case in the elevator. We won't be able to look up medical record information for friends and family. Well, I suppose you could, but make no mistake - there is very little to no tolerance for HIPAA violations. I've seen people dismissed immediately for violating patient confidentiality. I saw this most at a celebrity-frequented hospital where people tweeted or posted on Facebook when someone famous was admitted or they released specific protected health information (PHI). In this day and age, it's not uncommon for employers to have a social networking policy that addresses Facebook and Twitter.

And while privacy of PHI is a coder's concern, there are other provisions within HIPAA that impact us. I meet a lot of people who want to code so they can work from home. But setting up a home office as a coder means more than getting a computer and internet connection. Along with ensuring patient privacy comes security of PHI as well. The home workstation must be secure from breaches including hacking of computer systems and stolen computers. It's a natural concern when setting up a home office - who will have access to the work computer and if there are multiple people living in the household, what provisions are being taken to ensure that the workstation is secure? Some home coders may be subjected to a home evaluation by an employer to ensure the workspace is secure.

HIPAA-Defined Code Sets
Still not convinced that HIPAA impacts you greatly as a coder? How about the codes you use? Those are also intertwined into HIPAA legislation. Electronic exchange of information between two different parties requires specific transactions. For example, the submission of an insurance claim by a provider to a payer is one such HIPAA transaction. There is another for communication from the payer back to the provider about what was paid on each account. These HIPAA transactions require a common language between the parties. And that language is often codes. As such, HIPAA defines which code sets are approved for reporting diagnoses and procedures in order to ensure uniformity.

There are six code sets approved for various uses and time periods as defined by HIPAA:

• HCPCS (Healthcare Common Procedural Coding System, Level II)for ancillary services and procedures
• CPT-4 (Current Procedural Terminology) for hospital outpatient and physician services
• CDT (Current Dental Terminology) for dental services
• NDC (National Drug Codes) for over-the-counter and prescription medications
• ICD-9 (International Classification of Diseases, 9th Revision) for diagnoses and hospital inpatient procedures - currently used
• ICD-10 (International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision) for diagnoses and hospital inpatient procedures - effective October 1, 2013

The HIPAA Version 5010 Standard
Most coders and coding students are aware of the massive effort currently under way to migrate from ICD-9 to ICD-10 in 2013. Many are not aware, though, of the updates to the HIPAA transactions that must occur in order to make ICD-10 data electronically exchangeable. We currently operate under the HIPAA version 4010 and as of January 1, 2012, we will use HIPAA version 5010. This upgrade includes many other updates besides those to get us ready for ICD-10. The impact of 5010 implementation is currently being felt by payers and providers as they gear up for testing these new transactions beginning in July. As of January 1 of next year, CMS will not accept any electronic data in the old format. And that means failure to comply will hold up claims submission and payment.

The 5010 upgrade is probably invisible to most coders in an organization. It's very much an information technology (IT) initiative and involves inventorying systems and working with vendors and payers to ensure everyone has updated to the 5010 standard. In addition to updating the number of bytes available to report ICD codes and allowing for alpha-numeric entry (instead of mostly numeric with ICD-9), it also includes updates to allow for reporting the present on admission indicator, eliminates the release of superfluous PHI for insurance certification and verification, and eliminates numerous other inefficiencies in reporting data electronically.

So keep an eye out for the acronym HIPAA - it will come into play a lot in your career as a coder. As for HIPPA, I still can't figure out what that is. There is no Health Information Patient Privacy Act, so as best as I can tell, a hippa is a baby hippo!

It's Coding Season!

I'm sometimes asked if there's a busy time of year for coders or if it's pretty much status quo. As a matter of fact, there is a busy time of year for coders and this is it!

Every year, we gear up for all the upcoming year's coding changes. That means letting coders know which codes have been deleted, expanded, and added and letting coders, physicians, administrators, and revenue cycle personnel know how code-based reimbursement will be affected in the coming year. This may seem rather straightforward, but since we work with more than one code set with different implementation dates, fourth quarter of each year can be pretty crazy!

ICD-9-CM Codes
The ICD-9-CM diagnosis and procedure codes are updated annually with the Center for Medicare and Medicaid Services' (CMS) fiscal year (FY), which begins October 1. These codes are used to report diagnoses for all health care settings and procedures for hospital inpatients. Right now, you will find coders acquiring their FY 2011 ICD-9-CM code books and attending seminars on the code updates. Some of this year's highlights include:

Diagnosis Codes:

• A new code for obesity hypoventilation syndrome
• Expansion of fluid overload code to differentiate between transfusion-associated fluid overload and other causes
  
• Expansion of the avian flu codes to include manifestations of the disease
• Expansion of the blood transfusion incompatibility codes to differentiate between ABO and Rh incompatibility
• Additional personal history codes
• Expansion of the body mass index (BMI) codes up to allow for classification of BMI in varying increments up to 70 and over
• A new section of V codes to report retained foreign body fragments
• A new section of V codes to report the number of placentae associated with multiple fetal gestations

ICD-9-CM diagnosis codes are within the public domain and the 2011 revisions can be found on the National Center for Health Statistics' (NCHS) website.

Procedure Codes:

• New code for placement of a central venous catheter under imaging guidance
• New codes for carotid sinus stimulation components and devices

Changes to the ICD-9-CM procedure codes are within the public domain and are available on CMS' website.

IPPS and MS-DRGs
The inpatient prospective payment system (IPPS), the system used for Medicare payments for inpatient hospitalizations, is also updated each year on October 1. This includes recalibration of the relative weights for the classification system used under IPPS - the Medicare severity diagnosis related groups (MS-DRGs). This year, the major changes to the MS-DRGs include:

• A documentation and coding adjustment of -2.9%, wherein CMS will discount payments in FY 2011 to hospitals by 2.9% in order to remain budget neutral. The attempt to remain budget neutral is to counteract the financial impact of implementing a severity-based DRG system 3 years ago.
• The addition of 12 new quality measures to be reported by hospitals under the Reporting Hospital Quality Data for Annual Payment Update (RHQDAPU) program.
• A revamping of Medicare's 3-day rule, which bundles payment for outpatient services provided within 3 days of inpatient admission into the inpatient payment.

Changes to the IPPS and MS-DRGs are available in the public domain through CMS' website as well as the Federal Register.

CPT Codes
Changes to CPT codes become effective with each calendar year on January 1. These codes are used to report procedures and services for physicians and hospital outpatients. Because CPT codes are owned and maintained by the American Medical Association (AMA), they are not available in the public domain. As such, finding a list of upcoming CPT code changes is often a closely guarded secret until the CPT book is published, generally around November or December each year.

The best way to get updates on upcoming CPT codes is to attend either the AHIMA's Annual Clinical Coding Meeting (September 25 and 26, 2010 in Orlando) for the national code update or the AMA's CPT and RBRVS Symposium (November 10-12, 2010 in Chicago). After the AMA's Symposium, it's common to see articles appearing in coding journals and publications discussing the upcoming coding changes.

HCPCS Codes
HCPCS codes are developed and maintained by CMS to report services, supplies, and procedures that are not found in CPT. They are utilized by physicians and hospital outpatient reporting. HCPCS codes are potentially updated quarterly, although an update isn't always required that frequently. HCPCS codebooks may be purchased on an annual basis with the calendar year and quarterly updates are found on CMS' website. HCPCS codes are in the public domain and general information about their use can also be found on CMS' website.

OPPS and APCs
The outpatient prospective payment system (OPPS) is the payment system utilized by Medicare to pay for hospital outpatient claims. This is updated on January 1 each year, along with the CPT and HCPCS codes. The proposed rule was published in the Federal Register on August 3 and CMS accepted public comment on that proposed rule through August 31. CMS will review the comments, make final determinations, and finalize the rule by November 1.

OPPS changes include recalibration of the relative weights for ambulatory payment classifications (APCs), the categories used to group similar procedures for payment.

Some highlights of the proposed rule include:

• Two areas that have undergone frequent changes or requested changes will remain static for 2011: drug and substance administration and hospital outpatient evaluation and management visit guidelines
• Establishment of a list of services that must be performed under physician supervision
• Removal of three orthopedic codes from the inpatient-only list, making them reimbursable as outpatients under Medicare
• A new method of paying for separately payable drugs
  

Information about OPPS and APCs can be found on CMS' website.

Physician Fee Schedule and RVUs
Physician payment, as outlined in the physician fee schedule, is updated annually on January 1 by Medicare. The proposed rule was published in the Federal Register on July 13 and the comment period ended on August 24. The physician fee schedule outlines the relative value units (RVUs) for each CPT code based on the amount of work the physician performs. Information on the Medicare physician fee schedule and RVUs is within the public domain and can be found on Medicare's website.

Too Much Information?
It sounds like an awful lot of information, but remember this - not every coding professional needs to learn the ins and outs of every coding and payment system. Because I work with hospital clients, I will be focusing on everything but the physician fee schedule. And those who work in physician offices will focus on ICD-9-CM diagnosis code changes, CPT/HCPCS code changes, and the physician fee schedule only. Even so, it's enough of an impact to call fourth quarter "coding season!"

What Does ICD-10 Really Mean to New Coders?

If you haven't heard yet, the coding system is changing on October 1, 2013 from ICD-9-CM to ICD-10-CM and ICD-10-PCS. I have told a lot of new coders and coding students that this gives them a more level playing field when it comes to getting hired on as a coder. But 2013 is still 3 years away. If you are graduating soon and will be looking for a coding position, what does ICD-10 really mean to you? Should you start training on ICD-10 now so that you are well-positioned for the coding switch?

Why ICD-10 is a Good Thing for Wanna-be Coders
I always start with the prerequisite disclaimer when I talk about coders: I am a coder, so I can poke a little fun at our idiosyncrasies. Many coders don't like change. And that's part of what makes them so successful as coders - the ability to work in a routine environment coding patient record after patient record. So to coders who really dislike change, ICD-10 is like an atomic bomb. I've heard some say they will retire or find a new line of work when ICD-10 is implemented. Add those open positions to the decreased productivity that is inevitable with the implementation of a new coding system, health care reform, and the current national coder shortage, and what we have is an awesome opportunity for new coders to enter the field.

Coders who learn ICD-10 in school will likely be called upon by their new employers to share their knowledge of the new coding system with more established coders. Getting into ICD-10 on the ground level means more opportunities for new coders in the future.

Why ICD-10 Coding Jobs Won't be Super Easy to Land
While the need for more coders trained in ICD-10 will be there in 2013 and the codes themselves will be different, the one thing that makes a coder truly special will not change: navigating the medical record, deciphering medical terminology, and applying coding guidelines. These are skills that are not easily taught in school - this is the "experience" that employers are looking for when they say they want two to three years of coding experience. And while new coders right out of school will have oodles of exposure to the ICD-10 code sets, experienced coders will have that other type of experience - the type that goes beyond looking up a code in a book. That skill will still be coveted by employers.

I talk to a lot of people who are pondering changing careers and getting into coding because of what they've heard about ICD-10 and the future need for more coders. But just because we're nearing this massive change doesn't mean that it will be any easier to get hired as a coder in 2013 than it is now. There are many considerations you need to make in determining when ICD-10 training is appropriate for you.

What Kind Of Coder Do You Want to Be?
I have been trained in ICD-10-CM and ICD-10-PCS. The only reason I am trained is because I intend to do a lot of ICD-10 training myself and those who are getting educated now are the educators. I recently had someone tell me she planned to wait a couple years to get trained in ICD-10 because she heard it was so different from ICD-9-CM and she didn't want to have to learn a dying coding system. So let's start with the first question you need to ask yourself: What kind of coder do you want to be?

This is important because ICD-10 is divided into two code sets: ICD-10-CM for diagnoses, which will be used by all health care settings, and ICD-10-PCS, which will be used only by hospitals for reporting procedures. CPT will not be impacted by ICD-10 implementation and the format of ICD-10-CM is very similar to ICD-9-CM (granted all the code numbers are different!). I see the transition from ICD-9-CM diagnoses to ICD-10-CM being relatively easy (notice I said relatively - it will still be a bear!).

ICD-10-PCS is a whole different story. The procedure portion of ICD-10 is set up like no codebook we've ever seen. There is no tabular listing - only a series of tables that allow the coder to "build a code." Furthermore, the level of detail and the coder knowledge required to code an ICD-10-PCS code as opposed to an ICD-9-CM procedure code is astronomical. For example, there is one ICD-9-CM procedure code for repair of an artery. In ICD-10-PCS, the coder will need to know which specific artery was repaired and how that repair was approached.

So when people say ICD-10 is very different from ICD-9-CM, I have to ask, which code set? While the code numbers and code format will be drastically different, the way we code will be the same for ICD-10-CM as it is now for ICD-9-CM diagnosis coding. But ICD-10-PCS is like... well, CPT on steroids. The level of detail in ICD-10-PCS coding is much more specific than what's required even by CPT standards.

Why the long explanation? Well, if you plan to code for a physician office, you won't need to learn ICD-10-PCS. So I say, go ahead and learn ICD-9-CM now because the main change for you will be the code numbers themselves (and a couple of coding guidelines). If you plan to code for a hospital, you need to be prepared for a whole new game with procedure coding when ICD-10 is implemented. The good news is, ICD-9-CM procedure coding really isn't very difficult, so I don't see anyone "wasting" time by learning it now until 2013.

Do You Want to be More Than a Coder?
Let's get one thing perfectly clear here and now. The implementation date for ICD-10 (both CM and PCS) is October 1, 2013. There will be no push on that date. Everyone will be expected to be up and running on October 1, 2013. Rumor has it that this date will get pushed back, but everything I have heard from government representatives says that there will be no push on that date. So spread the word!

Let me get something else perfectly clear: ICD-9-CM will not "die" out. There will be a need for people to know ICD-9-CM diagnosis and procedure coding after October 1, 2013. Particularly if you work in a hospital, data analysis is often performed based on codes and we often compare case loads from year to year to see which services are growing, which are waning, and which are needed in the community that aren't currently offered. In the calendar year 2013, we will have data from both ICD-9-CM and ICD-10. That means a need to be able to crosswalk between codes for data analysis. And someone within the hospital needs to understand both systems. That might be you.

Take the Next 3 Years to Get Experienced
The biggest complaint I hear from wanna-be coders is that all employers are requiring 2-3 years of experience. So if my math is correct, if you wait 3 years to learn ICD-10 and it takes another 2-3 years to get experience, you won't really be working as a coder for another 5-6 years. Why wait? While it doesn't make too much sense to get trained specifically on ICD-10 right now because you won't remember it in 3 years, it does make sense to get hired on as a coder and start positioning yourself to take on a coding position in 2013. This might mean taking an entry-level position where you are exposed to the medical record, codes, or billing. Don't wait till 2013 because there will be a mad dash and employers who have open positions in 2013 probably won't have time to train someone who is complete green. As a matter of fact, I have been encouraging facilities to make education a part of their organizational culture now to lessen the impact of ICD-10 implementation.

Now is the time to hone your skills in coder detective work - where you find information in the medical record, how the patient's symptoms come together in the disease process, anatomy and physiology, medical terminology, and pharmacology. And the good news is, learning this now means you can also apply it to ICD-9-CM now and it will make it easier to make the switch to ICD-10.

Talk to Your School
If you're enrolled in a coding or HIM program or plan to enroll in one, do your homework. Ask the program director or coding instructor what the school's plan is for the ICD-10 transition. They should be referencing timelines like the one posted on AHIMA's website. If they don't have a plan now, you should be concerned.

Don't Hurry Up and Wait
I suppose the best way to sum up this posting is to say this: think of your coding education as a journey rather than focusing on the destination. Go ahead and get trained in ICD-9-CM now - it will not be a waste of time or money. Yes, you will need to train in ICD-10, but if you're credentialed, you will have every opportunity to train through AHIMA and the AAPC. And if you're employed, your employer will be be focused on training as well. Plus, I really do believe that those coders who know both ICD-9-CM and ICD-10 and can analyze and compare data across both code sets will be hot commodities.

Top Ten Reasons to be a Coding Professional

I would love to take credit for making up this list of reasons to be a coder, but I can't. It's a list that came out about 15 years ago and I believe it was published in The Journal of AHIMA. This list was popular when I first started coding in the mid-90s. I have yet to see an electronic copy of it, but found a photocopied list in a scrapbook (er, chart) my coworkers gave me when I left my first coding job. This list graced my bulletin board for a long time!

Some of these are a bit dated, but most still ring pretty true and I updated Ms. Scichilone's credentials as she is still a well-respected practicing HIM professional. I hope you enjoy this little bit of levity!

Top Ten Reasons to be a Coding Professional
by Rita Scichilone, MHSA, RHIA, CCS, CCS-P, CHC

10. You love to read really small print.

9. Carrying around code books is better weight training than those cute little dumbbells you buy at the fitness store.

8. Classification systems and nomenclatures make great party conversation. "I'll bet you don't know what SNODO* is!"

7. If a patient can do it, get it, or hurt it, you can code it.

6. You love explaining what you do each day - "Oh, I typically transform sixty-five or so pages of complicated clinical information written in a foreign language (medical terminology) into numeric codes that will fit on a one-page form."

5. When you get carpal tunnel syndrome from turning those pages and burning up a computer keyboard, you'll know how to code it for your insurance company.

4. You can impress your friends by saying you'll meet them after work for some 94.38 at your favorite hangout."**

3. You are passionate about acronyms (DRG, APG, HCPCS, HCFA, HEDIS, CPT, UHDDS, ICD-9-CM, CHMIS, WEDI, UB-92)***

2. When you hear "The AR days dropped again today," you get goosebumps.

1. The eternal mysteries of ICD-9-CM and HCPCS CPT-4 are transformed at your touch into essential mastery of critical clinical data indexing that can change the health of America!


*Standard Nomenclature of Disease and Operations (SNODO) was a coding system that predated ICD-9-CM

**94.38, Supportive verbal psychotherapy

*** Ambulatory patient groups (APGs) were proposed prior to the use of ambulatory payment classifications (APCs); the Health Care Financing Administration (HCFA) was renamed the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services (CMS) in 2000, the uniform bill 1992 has been updated and replaced with the uniform bill 2004 (UB-04)

Repost: Make $40K Working from Home as a Medical Coder!

We've all seen or heard those bold tag lines in print ads and on television and the radio advertising the lucrative opportunities in medical coding and billing. But can companies and schools who make these claims really get you ready to enter the work force? Maybe, but there are some steps you should take before you give your money to any education institution. Let me first state that I am neither here to endorse nor denounce any school or college. I am simply trying to arm prospective students with the knowledge they need to make the best choices about their future careers.


Step 1: Assess Your Community's Need for Coders
Before you hand any money over for that coding program that promises to deliver, you need to do a little homework about your local job market. Yes, it is true - there is a national shortage of coders and the need for more coders in the future is only expected to increase. But that doesn't mean that coders are needed everywhere. Some places may be saturated with coders and others may have a desperate need for them. Are you willing to relocate in order to get the job of your dreams?


The "American Dream" of the coder is to work from home, but the reality is most remote coders are experienced. Most employers require new coders to work in the office setting before allowing them to log in from the comfort of their pj's and fuzzy slippers. So if you are banking on working from home, add a couple years onto your telecommuting goal. If you aren't willing to relocate and there aren't coding positions in your area, you will have a tough time finding a job. While you're searching your local job market for coding positions, see which coding certifications they are requiring. This is going to be very important for Step 3 below.


You should also start to look at what the salaries are for your area. Salaries will range by region and health care setting. Hospital coding jobs typically pay more but they also typically require more expensive education.


Step 2: Determine What Type of Health Care Setting You Want to Work In

This is a tough one to determine if you don't know anything about coding. But think about what type of environment you prefer to work in: physician office or hospital? You may think, "What's the difference?" Plenty. Not only does each setting have its own preferred set of coding credentials, the coding rules and sometimes even the coding systems differ according to health care setting.


Coding for the physician setting generally involves both coding and billing for physician time and effort. This can vary from coding for one or a small group of physicians to coding for large billing offices or health maintenance organizations with hundreds of physicians. Often physician coders become very knowledgeable of a specific specialty, such as cardiology or orthopedics.


Coding in the hospital is segregated from billing. Because coders are coding for the hospital resources (e.g., equipment, nursing and ancillary staff), they are coding entire hospital stays rather than individual physician visits. Most hospital coders code a variety of cases and generally aren't specialized - although some difficult areas of coding like interventional radiology may result in the training of specialty coders within the hospital.


I'm over simplifying the differences, but you get the gist of it. You may want to start by perusing websites for the American Academy of Professional Coders (AAPC) and the American Health Information Management Association (AHIMA) and read through their online information to see if one triggers an interest over the other. While it's not a hard and fast rule, AAPC-credentialled coders are typically recognized more by physician groups and AHIMA-credentialled coders are recognized more by hospitals.


Step 3: Pick a School That Will Prepare You for Certification

Can you get a coding job without coding certification? Yes. Is it likely? No. If you want to be a coder, you will need to be certified. Pick your school based on the certification it will prepare you for and be wary of schools that offer their own certification - they are typically not accepted by employers. Your future employer should be determining what type of coding certification you need, not the school. The two reigning accrediting bodies for coders that are recognized by employers are the AAPC and AHIMA.


Probably the best way to pick an educational program is to go to either the AAPC or AHIMA's websites and choose one endorsed by the organization with the certification you aspire to get. By doing this, you know you are getting your coding education from instructors and/or schools who have been "checked out" by industry experts.


The AAPC has online and instructor-led courses that prepare the student to take either the Certified Professional Coder (CPC) or Certified Professional Coder-Hospital (CPC-H) coding certificate. Some of these courses may be applied toward credit at the University of Phoenix. There are also various other colleges and schools that will inform you that they prepare their students for AAPC-certification.

AHIMA does things a little differently by accrediting colleges that meet their stringent requirements for program content. While AHIMA has historically been known for certifying individuals who have completed either associates or bachelors degrees at AHIMA-accredited instutions, they also realize the need for coding certificate programs. Many of the schools that offer AHIMA-accredited coding programs also offer degree programs and you may find the counsellors trying to talk you into a degree program. If all you want is to be a certified coder and are not seeking an associates or bachelors degree, don't be distracted from your goal. Stand your ground and tell them you only want the coding certificate. If you are seeking an AHIMA-accredited coding certificate program that will prepare you for AHIMA certification, go to their website (http://www.ahima.org/) and search schools in your area. There are also search options for distance learning if there isn't a school in your area. AHIMA has the following coding credentials:

• Certified Coding Associate (CCA)


• Certified Coding Specialist (CCS)


• Certified Coding Specialist-Physician (CCS-P)
  

As mentioned previously, which credential you get depends on what employers in your area are looking for. You can get dual certification through both AHIMA and the AAPC if you choose.

Step 4: Get Specific Information About Course Requirements

If you choose a coding school that is not AHIMA-certified or affiliated with the AAPC, you need to look at the course content and determine if it will meet your needs. If you plan to work in a physician office setting, you will need to learn ICD-9-CM diagnosis and CPT procedure coding. You should also look to see if there are any classes about physician reimbursement (look for terms like fee schedule, and relative value units (RVUs).

If you want to work for a hospital, you will need to learn ICD-9-CM diagnosis and procedure coding as well as CPT coding. Hopefully your program also has at least an introduction to hospital code-based reimbursement including diagnosis-related groups (DRGs) and ambulatory payment classifications (APCs).

These tidbits of information may sound like Greek to you if you are just beginning to research the coding industry, but you need to look for these things. You may find a school that also has classes regarding front desk procedures - this is typically an indication that the class will prepare you for a position in a physician's office. If you find a program that includes information about electronic medical records and computers, that's a bonus. You will definitely be using a computer as a coder and you should become familiar with the types of systems you will be using.

You should ask questions about the teaching staff. Are they credentialled themselves? I've met many coders who are excellent and aren't certified, but if you plan to get certified, you should have an instructor who's been there and taken the exam.

What kind of curriculum do they use and where does it come from? Is it written by credentialled coders? This isn't as important if you found your class through the AAPC or AHIMA since all of their curriculum is generally pre-approved. If it's another school, though, it could be crucial.

You absolutely need to ask if you will be required to do an internship or externship. If the answer is no, you should reconsider your education options. I got my first job from one of my internships and it's an excellent way to get practical experience. If they do require an internship/externship, you should ask if it's your responsibility to find an site or the school's. AHIMA-credentialled schools generally work with internship sites to place their students. If you have to find your own practicum site, you need to start networking and finding an institution that will work with you. This generally means signing an agreement with the internship/externship site and you may need to initiate that. The AAPC has Project Xtern, a program that teams aspiring coders with externship sites to get them coding experience. Get more information on Project Xtern at this link.

Step 5: Ask About Job Placement

Will the school help you find a job? If they say yes, ask specific question about their job placement rate and what type of employers they work with. If not, don't despair - you may have to send out 50 resumes and apply to some non-traditional coding jobs, but you can get a coding-related job if you are passionate about the industry and persistent with your efforts.

Step 6: Never Stop Learning

Once you get your coding education completed and get your certification, it's only the beginning. In order to maintain your coding certification, you will need to submit continuing education hours to your credentialling organization every year or two. The only constant in coding is that it's dynamic - once you learn the rules, they often change them. So if you are looking to master an industry that will remain static, reconsider your career choice.

What if I Have a Degree/Certificate From an Unrecognized School?

It happens. Maybe you've already received your degree in medical coding and just found out you spent a lot of money and no one recognizes your degree or certification. What now? It's not the end. What you need to do is make sure you are a member of either the AAPC or AHIMA and get credentialled. You might need to set up your own internship or externship site and do a lot of reading and online research to catch up on some of the things you might have missed. Most of all, you need to start networking with industry professionals, so join your local AAPC chapter or AHIMA component state association.

Coding is Just Looking up a Code in a Book…

…or is it?

When I was taking coding classes on Thursday evenings in the mid-90s, everyone in my class – including the instructor – had the same dilemma. There was a great new show on TV called “ER.” And it was on during coding class. Bearing mind that DVR didn’t exist at the time, sometimes we were able to talk our instructor into letting us go early and she would joke with us and tell us she’d give us extra credit if we went home and coded “ER,” that is, translate the conditions of the patients of the week into codes. I don’t know if anyone actually did. I certainly didn’t because I was just trying to understand the clinical lingo and decide what was important and what wasn’t. So now it’s your turn – how would you code this hospital inpatient scenario?

“CC: Pt adm w/ c/o CP, SOB, fever, weakness. PMH: CHF, HTN, DM type 2. Findings: Temp 102. BP: 100/65. CXR w/ infiltrates. Labs: WBC 40,000, sputum (-), BC (-). Assessment: sepsis, pna. Plan: IV abx, IVF, repeat BC.”

Statements such as these are a reality and before you can look up a code in a book, you first have to know what to look up. It often reminds me of my elementary school teachers telling me if I didn’t know how to spell a word to look it up in the dictionary. I remember thinking, “How do I look it up in the dictionary if I can’t spell it?!” Of course, we all learned to sound out the word and attempt to look it up in the dictionary. But coding is a little trickier because physician short hand is difficult to decipher if you don’t have any clinical knowledge. And before you can translate a clinical statement into codes, you first have to translate it into English!

Have you figured out the scenario above? Here’s the answer:
-038.9 Unspecified septicemia
-995.91 Sepsis
-486 Pneumonia, organism unspecified
-428.0 Congestive heart failure, unspecified
-401.9 Unspecified essential hypertension
-250.00 Diabetes mellitus, without mention of complication, Type II or unspecified

But how do you get there? That’s the question. So I will break down the coder’s thought process as he/she reads the statement and determines what to code.

Step 1: Translate the clinical shorthand into English.
The statement above, if written out long hand, would read as follows: “Chief complaint: patient admitted with complaints of chest pain, shortness of breath, fever, and weakness. Past medical history: congestive heart failure, hypertension, type 2 diabetes mellitus. Findings: Temperature 102 degrees. Blood pressure: 100/65. Chest x-ray with infiltrates. Labs: white blood count 40,000, negative sputum culture, negative blood cultures. Assessment: sepsis, pneumonia. Plan: intravenous antibiotics, intravenous fluids, repeat blood cultures.”

Step 2: Determine what brought the patient to the hospital and the underlying cause of that problem.
The patient had several complaints: chest pain (CP), shortness of breath (SOB), fever, and weakness. The patient’s fever was high and blood pressure was low. Tests showed infiltrates on chest x-ray, which is indicative of pneumonia and labs showed a high white blood cell (WBC) count, which is indicative of infection and blood and sputum (respiratory secretions) cultures did not grow any bacteria – but if the patient was on antibiotics before the cultures were taken, they may not grow any bacteria. The final assessment was sepsis and pneumonia. Symptoms of sepsis are weakness, fever, hypotension (low blood pressure), and high WBC count. Symptoms of pneumonia are chest pain, shortness of breath, fever, high WBC count, and weakness.

Step 3: Assign codes for the reason that brought the patient to the hospital.
Knowing that we don’t code symptoms when an established associated condition is present, we can narrow the final coding down to the sepsis and pneumonia. Coding rules tell us that coding for sepsis requires two codes: 038.9 and 995.91 and pneumonia without further specification is coded to 486. Of course, if this were a real hospital, we hopefully would have more specific documentation telling us the causative organism of both the sepsis and the pneumonia. That would require more digging through the record.

Step 4: Determine if there are other conditions that should also be reported.
In this case, the patient has a past medical history of congestive heart failure (CHF), hypertension, and type 2 diabetes mellitus. All of these are chronic conditions that impact the care of the patient and should therefore be coded. We can then add codes 428.0, 401.9, and 250.00. We can’t assume a cause and effect relationship between the CHF and hypertension because it’s not documented by the physician and we would want to look for documentation of a specific type of congestive heart failure (e.g., acute on chronic diastolic heart failure) and any diabetic complications.

So coding is just looking up a code in a book. At least that’s the tangible part of it. The rest of it is the thought process that goes behind it and explains why, if you watch coders work, you will see them spend most of their time staring at a computer screen or flipping through a medical record. I often compare coding to doing a word search: you have to sort through all the gobbledygook (i.e., pages of clinical mumbo jumbo) to find the right word to look up in the codebook.

You either found this explanation horribly boring or oddly fascinating. If you belong in the latter category, welcome to the wonderful world of coding. You're going to love it.

Make $40K Working from Home as a Medical Coder!

We've all seen or heard those bold tag lines in print ads and on television and the radio advertising the lucrative opportunities in medical coding and billing. But can companies and schools who make these claims really get you ready to enter the work force? Maybe, but there are some steps you should take before you give your money to any education institution.

Let me first state that I am neither here to endorse nor denounce any school or college. I am simply trying to arm prospective students with the knowledge they need to make the best choices about their future careers.

Step 1: Assess Your Community's Need for Coders
Before you hand any money over for that coding program that promises to deliver, you need to do a little homework about your local job market. Yes, it is true - there is a national shortage of coders and the need for more coders in the future is only expected to increase. But that doesn't mean that coders are needed everywhere. Some places may be saturated with coders and others may have a desperate need for them.

Are you willing to relocate in order to get the job of your dreams? The "American Dream" of the coder is to work from home, but the reality is most remote coders are experienced. Most employers require new coders to work in the office setting before allowing them to log in from the comfort of their pj's and fuzzy slippers. So if you are banking on working from home, add a couple years onto your telecommuting goal. If you aren't willing to relocate and there aren't coding positions in your area, you will have a tough time finding a job.

While you're searching your local job market for coding positions, see which coding certifications they are requiring. This is going to be very important for Step 3 below. You should also start to look at what the salaries are for your area. Salaries will range by region and health care setting. Hospital coding jobs typically pay more but they also typically require more expensive education.

Step 2: Determine What Type of Health Care Setting You Want to Work In
This is a tough one to determine if you don't know anything about coding. But think about what type of environment you prefer to work in: physician office or hospital? You may think, "What's the difference?" Plenty. Not only does each setting have its own preferred set of coding credentials, the coding rules and sometimes even the coding systems differ according to health care setting.

Coding for the physician setting generally involves both coding and billing for physician time and effort. This can vary from coding for one or a small group of physicians to coding for large billing offices or health maintenance organizations with hundreds of physicians. Often physician coders become very knowledgeable of a specific specialty, such as cardiology or orthopedics.

Coding in the hospital is segregated from billing. Because coders are coding for the hospital resources (e.g., equipment, nursing and ancillary staff), they are coding entire hospital stays rather than individual physician visits. Most hospital coders code a variety of cases and generally aren't specialized - although some difficult areas of coding like interventional radiology may result in the training of specialty coders within the hospital.

I'm over simplifying the differences, but you get the gist of it. You may want to start by perusing websites for the American Academy of Professional Coders (AAPC) and the American Health Information Management Association (AHIMA) and read through their online information to see if one triggers an interest over the other. While it's not a hard and fast rule, AAPC-credentialled coders are typically recognized more by physician groups and AHIMA-credentialled coders are recognized more by hospitals.

Step 3: Pick a School That Will Prepare You for Certification
Can you get a coding job without coding certification? Yes. Is it likely? No. If you want to be a coder, you will need to be certified. Pick your school based on the certification it will prepare you for and be wary of schools that offer their own certification - they are typically not accepted by employers. Your future employer should be determining what type of coding certification you need, not the school. The two reigning accrediting bodies for coders that are recognized by employers are the AAPC and AHIMA.

Probably the best way to pick an educational program is to go to either the AAPC or AHIMA's websites and choose one endorsed by the organization with the certification you aspire to get. By doing this, you know you are getting your coding education from instructors and/or schools who have been "checked out" by industry experts.

The AAPC has online and instructor-led courses that prepare the student to take either the Certified Professional Coder (CPC) or Certified Professional Coder-Hospital (CPC-H) coding certificate. Some of these courses may be applied toward credit at the University of Phoenix. There are also various other colleges and schools that will inform you that they prepare their students for AAPC-certification.

AHIMA does things a little differently by accrediting colleges that meet their stringent requirements for program content. While AHIMA has historically been known for certifying individuals who have completed either associates or bachelors degrees at AHIMA-accredited instutions, they also realize the need for coding certificate programs. Many of the schools that offer AHIMA-accredited coding programs also offer degree programs and you may find the counsellors trying to talk you into a degree program. If all you want is to be a certified coder and are not seeking an associates or bachelors degree, don't be distracted from your goal. Stand your ground and tell them you only want the coding certificate.

If you are seeking an AHIMA-accredited coding certificate program that will prepare you for AHIMA certification, go to their website (www.ahima.org) and search schools in your area. There are also search options for distance learning if there isn't a school in your area. AHIMA has the following coding credentials:

• Certified Coding Associate (CCA)
• Certified Coding Specialist (CCS)
• Certified Coding Specialist-Physician (CCS-P)

As mentioned previously, which credential you get depends on what employers in your area are looking for. You can get dual certification through both AHIMA and the AAPC if you choose.

Step 4: Get Specific Information About Course Requirements
If you choose a coding school that is not AHIMA-certified or affiliated with the AAPC, you need to look at the course content and determine if it will meet your needs. If you plan to work in a physician office setting, you will need to learn ICD-9-CM diagnosis and CPT procedure coding. You should also look to see if there are any classes about physician reimbursement (look for terms like fee schedule, and relative value units (RVUs).

If you want to work for a hospital, you will need to learn ICD-9-CM diagnosis and procedure coding as well as CPT coding. Hopefully your program also has at least an introduction to hospital code-based reimbursement including diagnosis-related groups (DRGs) and ambulatory payment classifications (APCs).

These tidbits of information may sound like Greek to you if you are just beginning to research the coding industry, but you need to look for these things. You may find a school that also has classes regarding front desk procedures - this is typically an indication that the class will prepare you for a position in a physician's office. If you find a program that includes information about electronic medical records and computers, that's a bonus. You will definitely be using a computer as a coder and you should become familiar with the types of systems you will be using.

You should ask questions about the teaching staff. Are they credentialled themselves? I've met many coders who are excellent and aren't certified, but if you plan to get certified, you should have an instructor who's been there and taken the exam. What kind of curriculum do they use and where does it come from? Is it written by credentialled coders? This isn't as important if you found your class through the AAPC or AHIMA since all of their curriculum is generally pre-approved. If it's another school, though, it could be crucial.

You absolutely need to ask if you will be required to do an internship or externship. If the answer is no, you should reconsider your education options. I got my first job from one of my internships and it's an excellent way to get practical experience. If they do require an internship/externship, you should ask if it's your responsibility to find an site or the school's.

AHIMA-credentialled schools generally work with internship sites to place their students. If you have to find your own practicum site, you need to start networking and finding an institution that will work with you. This generally means signing an agreement with the internship/externship site and you may need to initiate that.

The AAPC has Project Xtern, a program that teams aspiring coders with externship sites to get them coding experience. Get more information on Project Xtern at this link.

Step 5: Ask About Job Placement
Will the school help you find a job? If they say yes, ask specific question about their job placement rate and what type of employers they work with. If not, don't despair - you may have to send out 50 resumes and apply to some non-traditional coding jobs, but you can get a coding-related job if you are passionate about the industry and persistent with your efforts.

Step 6: Never Stop Learning
Once you get your coding education completed and get your certification, it's only the beginning. In order to maintain your coding certification, you will need to submit continuing education hours to your credentialling organization every year or two. The only constant in coding is that it's dynamic - once you learn the rules, they often change them. So if you are looking to master an industry that will remain static, reconsider your career choice.

What if I Have a Degree/Certificate From an Unrecognized School?
It happens. Maybe you've already received your degree in medical coding and just found out you spent a lot of money and no one recognizes your degree or certification. What now? It's not the end. What you need to do is make sure you are a member of either the AAPC or AHIMA and get credentialled. You might need to set up your own internship or externship site and do a lot of reading and online research to catch up on some of the things you might have missed. Most of all, you need to start networking with industry professionals, so join your local AAPC chapter or AHIMA component state association.